2009 Vol. 2, No. 4

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Comparison of two different methods for determining flow direction in catchment hydrological modeling
Guang-ju ZHAO, Jun-feng GAO, Peng TIAN, Kun TIAN
2009, 2(4): 1-15. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.001
Abstract(2844) PDF(4505)
Abstract:
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used to define the flow direction in distributed hydrological models for simulation of streamflow. In recent decades, numerous methods for flow direction determination have been applied successfully to mountainous regions. Nevertheless, some problems still ...
Comparison and analysis of bare soil evaporation models combined with ASTER data in Heihe River Basin
Yan-xia KANG, Gui-hua LU, Zhi-yong WU, Hai HE
2009, 2(4): 16-27. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.002
Abstract(2095) PDF(3008)
Abstract:
Based on ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) remote sensing data, bare soil evaporation was estimated with the Penman-Monteith model, the Priestley-Taylor model, and the aerodynamics model. Evaporation estimated by each of the three models was compared with actual ...
Application of hydrometeorological coupled European flood forecasting operational real time system in Yellow River Basin
Yi-qi YAN, Xin TAO, Bing-quan LI, Cinzia MAZZETTI
2009, 2(4): 28-39. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.003
Abstract(2592) PDF(3461)
Abstract:
This study evaluated the application of the European flood forecasting operational real time system (EFFORTS) to the Yellow River. An automatic data pre-processing program was developed to provide real-time hydrometeorological data. Various GIS layers were collected and developed to meet the demands...
Numerical simulation of water quality in Yangtze Estuary
Xi LI, Yi-gang WANG, Su-xiang ZHANG
2009, 2(4): 40-51. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.004
Abstract(3137) PDF(3225)
Abstract:
In order to monitor water quality in the Yangtze Estuary, water samples were collected and field observation of current and velocity stratification was carried out using a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Results of two representative variables, the temporal and spatial variation ...
Experimental study of flow intensity influence on 2-D sand ripple geometry characteristics
Xiang-dong ZHANG, Li-mo TANG, Tian-yi XU
2009, 2(4): 52-59. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.005
Abstract(2054) PDF(2552)
Abstract:
Sand ripples are common bedforms. The formation of sand ripples is related to flow conditions; different flow conditions cause different ripple geometries. The main aim of this study was to assess the relationship between flow intensity and two-dimensional ripple geometry characteristics. The experi...
Experimental study on dynamic pipe fracture in consideration of hydropower plant model
Kazumi ISHIKAWA, Yukio KONO, Akira HAGA, Kazuo KATO, Kota SUGAWARA
2009, 2(4): 60-68. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.006
Abstract(1823) PDF(3094)
Abstract:
In the case of sudden valve closure, water hammer creates the most powerful pressure and damage to pipeline systems. The best way to protect the pipeline system is to eliminate water hammer. The main reasons for water hammer occurrence are valve closure, high initial velocity, and static pressure. H...
New design solutions for low-power energy production in water pipe systems
Helena M. RAMOS M.RAMOS, Alexandre BORGA, Mariana SIMÃO
2009, 2(4): 69-84. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.007
Abstract(2794) PDF(6119)
Abstract:
This study is the result of ongoing research for a European Union 7th Framework Program Project regarding energy converters for very low heads, and aims to analyze optimization of new cost-effective hydraulic turbine designs for possible implementation in water supply systems (WSSs) or in other pres...
Mesocosmic study on autogenous shrinkage of concrete with consideration of effects of temperature and humidity
Yan HAI, Yue-ming ZHU
2009, 2(4): 85-94. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.008
Abstract(2566) PDF(2402)
Abstract:
A study on the autogenous shrinkage (AS) of concrete from a mesocosmic perspective was carried out using numerical simulation technology. The temperature history and the autogenous relative humidity (ARH), two factors that have been shown to have occasional influence on this process in previous stud...
Mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing in cohesive soil
Jun-jie WANG, Hui-ping ZHANG, Ming-jie ZHAO, Xin LIN
2009, 2(4): 95-102. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.009
Abstract(3408) PDF(6268)
Abstract:
Hydraulic fracturing in the soil core of earth-rockfill dams is a common problem affecting the safety of the dams. Based on fracture tests, a new criterion for hydraulic fracturing in cohesive soil was suggested. Using this criterion, the mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing in cubic soil specimens we...
Electrochemical oxidation of ammonia-containing wastewater using Ti/RuO2-Pt electrode
Wei-wu HU, Bin GONG, Chuan-ping FENG
2009, 2(4): 103-109. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.010
Abstract(2503) PDF(3864)
Abstract:
The electrochemical oxidation degradation processes for artificial and actual wastewater containing ammonia were carried out with a Ti/RuO2-Pt anode and a Ti plate cathode. We studied the effects of different current densities, space sizes between the two electrodes, and amounts of added NaCl on amm...
Evaluation index system for positive operation of water conservancy projects
Qing-yuan ZHU, Guo-hua FANG
2009, 2(4): 110-117. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.04.011
Abstract(2401) PDF(2180)
Abstract:
The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis, and expert consultation. This evaluation index system can be divided into six fir...

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