Volume 18 Issue 4
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Article Navigation >  Water Science and Engineering  > 2025  >  18(4): 474-485
A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra, Farda Nata Syakira, Salwa Aqilah Luthfiyah, Safira Azkia, Muhammad Irvan Hasibuan, Marpongahtun, Andriayani, Ronn Goei, Sumiyyah Sabar, Saharman Gea. 2025: Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose composites for enhanced adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solutions. Water Science and Engineering, 18(4): 474-485. doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.001
Citation: A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra, Farda Nata Syakira, Salwa Aqilah Luthfiyah, Safira Azkia, Muhammad Irvan Hasibuan, Marpongahtun, Andriayani, Ronn Goei, Sumiyyah Sabar, Saharman Gea. 2025: Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose composites for enhanced adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solutions. Water Science and Engineering, 18(4): 474-485. doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.001
shu

Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose composites for enhanced adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solutions

doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.001

  • a. Postgraduate School, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;

  • b. Cellulosic and Functional Material Research Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;

  • c. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20115, Indonesia;

  • d. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;

  • e. Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education (SDE), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia

Funds:

This work was supported by the LPDP-Indonesia Endowment Fund for the Education Agency of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia (Grant No. RJP-24/LPDP/2022), the Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology (Grant No. 3792/E3/DT.03.08/2023), the Universitas Sumatera Utara (Grant No. 8154.1/UN5.1.R/KPM/2023), and the Ministry of Higher Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia.

  • Received Date: 2025-01-30
  • Accepted Date: 2025-06-23
    • Available Online: 2025-12-03
    Abstract
  • Industrial effluents pose significant environmental challenges due to the presence of water-soluble organic dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB), necessitating the implementation of effective removal strategies. Although adsorption is recognised as a promising alternative to conventional dye removal methods, developing cost-effective, sustainable, and highly efficient adsorbents remains challenging. This study investigated RhB adsorption using the bacterial cellulose (BC)/graphene oxide (GO) composite. GO was incorporated to enhance adsorption capacity by improving electrostatic interactions and introducing additional functional groups. The methodology involved synthesising GO from Sawahlunto coal, preparing BC/GO composites with varying GO contents, and conducting RhB adsorption experiments across different pH levels. Comprehensive characterisation confirmed successful GO synthesis and integration into the BC matrix. While pristine BC exhibited limited RhB removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (42.04% and 0.093 4 mg/g, respectively), BC/GO demonstrated significantly improved performance. The optimal composite containing 50 mg of GO achieved a removal efficiency of 98.91% and an adsorption capacity of 0.219 mg/g. Further optimisation at a pH value of 3 enhanced adsorption efficiency and capacity to 99.50% and 0.221 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir isotherm analysis with a coefficient of determination of 0.934 revealed a monolayer adsorption mechanism, highlighting the potential of BC/GO for advanced environmental remediation in industrial wastewater treatment.

     

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