Articles in press are presented at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/water-science-and-engineering/articles-in-press
2026, 19(3): 321-331.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.06.006
Abstract:
The continuous release of persistent organic contaminants into aquatic environments is a major concern due to their resistance to conventional treatment methods. Among advanced oxidation technologies, solar photocatalysis is one of the most sustainable approaches for pollutant removal, although its large-scale implementation remains limited. A novel bulk photocatalytic composite was prepared for sunlight-driven degradation of organic pollutants in water. Natural clay and titanium dioxide were homogeneously mixed, extruded into 0.5-cm pellets, and calcined. Physicochemical characterisation of the material provided insight into its catalytic activity. Experiments with several representative persistent pollutants (phenol, methyl orange, terbumeton, and N-hexylpyridinium bromide) in different aqueous matrices (river water, sewage, and seawater) demonstrated its broad versatility. Together with its low cost and ease of production, this may enable wider application of heterogeneous photocatalysis in water and wastewater treatment. Kinetic studies under various composition ratios and operational conditions revealed optimal performance at a photocatalyst (80% titanium dioxide and 20% clay) load of 20 g/L in a solar batch photoreactor. The half-lives of 10-mg/L pollutant solutions in distilled water were approximately 72 min, 68 min, 27 min, and 48 min for phenol, methyl orange, terbumeton, and N-hexylpyridinium bromide, respectively. Phenol degradation was slower in river water, sewage, and seawater, with half-lives of approximately 81 min, 106 min, and 129 min, respectively. The photocatalyst exhibited strong activity under sunlight and, owing to its appropriate size and mechanical stability, allowed easy and efficient recovery and reuse, which are key factors for large-scale applications in water treatment systems. This photocatalytic composite is highly promising for upscaling solar photocatalytic water treatment as a cost-effective, green, efficient, easily recoverable, and reusable material.
The continuous release of persistent organic contaminants into aquatic environments is a major concern due to their resistance to conventional treatment methods. Among advanced oxidation technologies, solar photocatalysis is one of the most sustainable approaches for pollutant removal, although its large-scale implementation remains limited. A novel bulk photocatalytic composite was prepared for sunlight-driven degradation of organic pollutants in water. Natural clay and titanium dioxide were homogeneously mixed, extruded into 0.5-cm pellets, and calcined. Physicochemical characterisation of the material provided insight into its catalytic activity. Experiments with several representative persistent pollutants (phenol, methyl orange, terbumeton, and N-hexylpyridinium bromide) in different aqueous matrices (river water, sewage, and seawater) demonstrated its broad versatility. Together with its low cost and ease of production, this may enable wider application of heterogeneous photocatalysis in water and wastewater treatment. Kinetic studies under various composition ratios and operational conditions revealed optimal performance at a photocatalyst (80% titanium dioxide and 20% clay) load of 20 g/L in a solar batch photoreactor. The half-lives of 10-mg/L pollutant solutions in distilled water were approximately 72 min, 68 min, 27 min, and 48 min for phenol, methyl orange, terbumeton, and N-hexylpyridinium bromide, respectively. Phenol degradation was slower in river water, sewage, and seawater, with half-lives of approximately 81 min, 106 min, and 129 min, respectively. The photocatalyst exhibited strong activity under sunlight and, owing to its appropriate size and mechanical stability, allowed easy and efficient recovery and reuse, which are key factors for large-scale applications in water treatment systems. This photocatalytic composite is highly promising for upscaling solar photocatalytic water treatment as a cost-effective, green, efficient, easily recoverable, and reusable material.
2026, 19(3): 332-345.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.07.003
Abstract:
Excessive phosphorus discharge into water bodies is a key driver of eutrophication, leading to severe ecological consequences such as oxygen depletion and ecosystem degradation. Consequently, developing efficient, low-cost, and stable methods for phosphorus removal is critical for maintaining water safety. This study investigated glass pumice, a sintered material derived from waste glass, as a novel adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. Batch and dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate its performance and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Phosphate adsorption followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and fit the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 166.56 mg/g. Dynamic adsorption experiments revealed that glass pumice maintained consistent adsorption performance for 110 d under a high influent phosphorus concentration (8 mg/L), achieving a total adsorption capacity of 60.38 mg/g. Maintaining a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of at least 6.5 h ensured that the effluent total phosphorus concentration remained below 1 mg/L. Mechanistic analysis revealed that phosphorus is mainly adsorbed via surface calcium salt precipitation (calcium phosphate) and hydroxyl–phosphate exchange and further stabilized by hydrogen bonding. As an inexpensive and highly porous material, glass pumice aggregates exhibit strong potential for efficient and sustainable phosphorus removal, contributing to resource recovery and high-value reuse of waste glass.
Excessive phosphorus discharge into water bodies is a key driver of eutrophication, leading to severe ecological consequences such as oxygen depletion and ecosystem degradation. Consequently, developing efficient, low-cost, and stable methods for phosphorus removal is critical for maintaining water safety. This study investigated glass pumice, a sintered material derived from waste glass, as a novel adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. Batch and dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate its performance and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Phosphate adsorption followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and fit the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 166.56 mg/g. Dynamic adsorption experiments revealed that glass pumice maintained consistent adsorption performance for 110 d under a high influent phosphorus concentration (8 mg/L), achieving a total adsorption capacity of 60.38 mg/g. Maintaining a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of at least 6.5 h ensured that the effluent total phosphorus concentration remained below 1 mg/L. Mechanistic analysis revealed that phosphorus is mainly adsorbed via surface calcium salt precipitation (calcium phosphate) and hydroxyl–phosphate exchange and further stabilized by hydrogen bonding. As an inexpensive and highly porous material, glass pumice aggregates exhibit strong potential for efficient and sustainable phosphorus removal, contributing to resource recovery and high-value reuse of waste glass.
2026, 19(3): 346-359.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.06.003
Abstract:
Nanocomposites have garnered significant attention in wastewater treatment due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as high surface area and enhanced reactivity. This review outlines recent advances in the development of nanocomposites for environmental remediation, covering synthesis techniques, structural diversity, and practical applications. Commonly employed materials include layered double hydroxides (LDHs), carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene and carbon nanotubes, metal oxide hybrids (e.g., ZnO, Fe3O4, and TiO2), polymer-functionalized frameworks, and emerging platforms such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes. Synthesis methods such as co-precipitation and hydrothermal processing play a critical role in determining particle dispersion and morphology. In particular, LDH-based nanocomposites exhibit strong redox ability and ion-exchange characteristics, making them effective for heavy metal detection and the degradation of organic pollutants through adsorption, photocatalytic, and electrochemical pathways. Despite these advantages, challenges including material leaching, regeneration efficiency, scalability, and long-term environmental safety persist. Nanocomposites present a versatile platform with considerable potential for efficient, scalable, and sustainable wastewater treatment. By addressing current limitations such as emerging contaminants like pharmaceutical residues, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and microplastics, nanocomposites can further enhance water purification and environmental cleanup, increasing their practical applicability. Future research should prioritize green synthesis methods, pilot-scale validation, and regulatory assessments to bridge the gap between laboratory studies and real-world wastewater treatment applications.
Nanocomposites have garnered significant attention in wastewater treatment due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as high surface area and enhanced reactivity. This review outlines recent advances in the development of nanocomposites for environmental remediation, covering synthesis techniques, structural diversity, and practical applications. Commonly employed materials include layered double hydroxides (LDHs), carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene and carbon nanotubes, metal oxide hybrids (e.g., ZnO, Fe3O4, and TiO2), polymer-functionalized frameworks, and emerging platforms such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes. Synthesis methods such as co-precipitation and hydrothermal processing play a critical role in determining particle dispersion and morphology. In particular, LDH-based nanocomposites exhibit strong redox ability and ion-exchange characteristics, making them effective for heavy metal detection and the degradation of organic pollutants through adsorption, photocatalytic, and electrochemical pathways. Despite these advantages, challenges including material leaching, regeneration efficiency, scalability, and long-term environmental safety persist. Nanocomposites present a versatile platform with considerable potential for efficient, scalable, and sustainable wastewater treatment. By addressing current limitations such as emerging contaminants like pharmaceutical residues, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and microplastics, nanocomposites can further enhance water purification and environmental cleanup, increasing their practical applicability. Future research should prioritize green synthesis methods, pilot-scale validation, and regulatory assessments to bridge the gap between laboratory studies and real-world wastewater treatment applications.
2026, 19(3): 360-375.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.06.002
Abstract:
Biofilm technology, recognized as an efficient and stable approach for wastewater treatment, fundamentally relies on suitable carriers to support microbial attachment and growth. The characteristics of these carriers profoundly influence the morphological structure, metabolic activity, and overall pollutant degradation efficiency of biofilms. This article systematically reviews recent research progress on biofilm carriers and proposes a five-category classification system comprising inorganic carriers, organic inert and reactive carriers, fiber-based carriers, naturally degradable carriers, and novel functionalized carriers. By analyzing the performance and application scenarios of various carrier types, their advantages in terms of economic viability and environmental friendliness are demonstrated. Furthermore, strategies for surface modification and composite material synthesis to further enhance biofilm performance are discussed. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the development of efficient, energy-saving, and sustainable wastewater treatment processes and to offer practical references for technology selection and engineering applications in relevant enterprises.
Biofilm technology, recognized as an efficient and stable approach for wastewater treatment, fundamentally relies on suitable carriers to support microbial attachment and growth. The characteristics of these carriers profoundly influence the morphological structure, metabolic activity, and overall pollutant degradation efficiency of biofilms. This article systematically reviews recent research progress on biofilm carriers and proposes a five-category classification system comprising inorganic carriers, organic inert and reactive carriers, fiber-based carriers, naturally degradable carriers, and novel functionalized carriers. By analyzing the performance and application scenarios of various carrier types, their advantages in terms of economic viability and environmental friendliness are demonstrated. Furthermore, strategies for surface modification and composite material synthesis to further enhance biofilm performance are discussed. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the development of efficient, energy-saving, and sustainable wastewater treatment processes and to offer practical references for technology selection and engineering applications in relevant enterprises.
2021, 14(2): 139-148.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2021.06.006
摘要：
To assess the magnitude of water quality decline in the Turag River of Bangladesh, this study examined the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters of water, identified potential pollution sources, and clustered the monitoring months with similar characteristics. Water samples were collected in four distinct seasons to evaluate temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride ion (Cl−) concentration, total alkalinity (TA), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, and total hardness (TH) using standard methods. The analytical results revealed that 40% of water quality indices were within the permissible limits suggested by different agencies, with the exception of EC, Cl− concentration, TA, turbidity, DO concentration, BOD5, and COD in all seasons. Statistical analyses indicated that 52% of the contrasts were significantly different at a 95% confidence interval. The factor analysis presented the best fit among the parameters, with four factors explaining 94.29% of the total variance. TDS, BOD5, COD, EC, turbidity, DO, and Cl− were mainly responsible for pollution loading and were caused by the significant amount of industrial discharge and toxicological compounds. The cluster analysis showed the seasonal change in surface water quality, which is usually an indicator of pollution from rainfall or other sources. However, the values of different physicochemical properties varied with seasons, and the highest values of pollutants were recorded in the winter. With the change in seasonal temperature and increase in rainfall, the seasonal Turag River water followed a self-refining trend as follows: rainy season > pre-winter > summer > winter.
To assess the magnitude of water quality decline in the Turag River of Bangladesh, this study examined the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters of water, identified potential pollution sources, and clustered the monitoring months with similar characteristics. Water samples were collected in four distinct seasons to evaluate temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride ion (Cl−) concentration, total alkalinity (TA), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, and total hardness (TH) using standard methods. The analytical results revealed that 40% of water quality indices were within the permissible limits suggested by different agencies, with the exception of EC, Cl− concentration, TA, turbidity, DO concentration, BOD5, and COD in all seasons. Statistical analyses indicated that 52% of the contrasts were significantly different at a 95% confidence interval. The factor analysis presented the best fit among the parameters, with four factors explaining 94.29% of the total variance. TDS, BOD5, COD, EC, turbidity, DO, and Cl− were mainly responsible for pollution loading and were caused by the significant amount of industrial discharge and toxicological compounds. The cluster analysis showed the seasonal change in surface water quality, which is usually an indicator of pollution from rainfall or other sources. However, the values of different physicochemical properties varied with seasons, and the highest values of pollutants were recorded in the winter. With the change in seasonal temperature and increase in rainfall, the seasonal Turag River water followed a self-refining trend as follows: rainy season > pre-winter > summer > winter.
2023, 16(4): 333-344.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2023.04.003
摘要：
Clean drinking water is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Despite significant progress in the water purification technology, many regions still lack access to clean water. This paper provides a review of selected water contaminants and their impacts on human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and regional standards for key contaminants were used to characterise water quality in the European Union and UK. The concept of safe drinking water was explained based on the non-observed adverse effect level, threshold concentrations for toxic chemicals, and their total daily intake. Various techniques for monitoring water contaminants and the drinking water standards from five different countries, including the UK, USA, Canada, Pakistan and India, were compared to WHO recommended guidelines. The literature on actual water quality in these regions and its potential health impacts was also discussed. Finally, the role of public water suppliers in identifying and monitoring drinking water contaminants in selected developed countries was presented as a potential guideline for developing countries. This review emphasised the need for a comprehensive understanding of water quality and its impacts on human health to ensure access to clean drinking water worldwide.
Clean drinking water is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Despite significant progress in the water purification technology, many regions still lack access to clean water. This paper provides a review of selected water contaminants and their impacts on human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and regional standards for key contaminants were used to characterise water quality in the European Union and UK. The concept of safe drinking water was explained based on the non-observed adverse effect level, threshold concentrations for toxic chemicals, and their total daily intake. Various techniques for monitoring water contaminants and the drinking water standards from five different countries, including the UK, USA, Canada, Pakistan and India, were compared to WHO recommended guidelines. The literature on actual water quality in these regions and its potential health impacts was also discussed. Finally, the role of public water suppliers in identifying and monitoring drinking water contaminants in selected developed countries was presented as a potential guideline for developing countries. This review emphasised the need for a comprehensive understanding of water quality and its impacts on human health to ensure access to clean drinking water worldwide.
2019, 12(4): 274-283.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2019.12.004
摘要：
Increased urbanisation, economic growth, and long-term climate variability have made both the UK and China more susceptible to urban and river flooding, putting people and property at increased risk. This paper presents a review of the current flooding challenges that are affecting the UK and China and the actions that each country is undertaking to tackle these problems. Particular emphases in this paper are laid on (1) learning from previous flooding events in the UK and China, and (2) which management methodologies are commonly used to reduce flood risk. The paper concludes with a strategic research plan suggested by the authors, together with proposed ways to overcome identified knowledge gaps in flood management. Recommendations briefly comprise the engagement of all stakeholders to ensure a proactive approach to land use planning, early warning systems, and water-sensitive urban design or redesign through more effective policy, multi-level flood models, and data driven models of water quantity and quality.
Increased urbanisation, economic growth, and long-term climate variability have made both the UK and China more susceptible to urban and river flooding, putting people and property at increased risk. This paper presents a review of the current flooding challenges that are affecting the UK and China and the actions that each country is undertaking to tackle these problems. Particular emphases in this paper are laid on (1) learning from previous flooding events in the UK and China, and (2) which management methodologies are commonly used to reduce flood risk. The paper concludes with a strategic research plan suggested by the authors, together with proposed ways to overcome identified knowledge gaps in flood management. Recommendations briefly comprise the engagement of all stakeholders to ensure a proactive approach to land use planning, early warning systems, and water-sensitive urban design or redesign through more effective policy, multi-level flood models, and data driven models of water quantity and quality.
2016, 9(1): 58-66.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2016.02.002
摘要：
This paper presents a study on the improvement of wind field hindcasts for two typical tropical cyclones, i.e., Fanapi and Meranti, which occurred in 2010. The performance of the three existing models for the hindcasting of cyclone wind fields is first examined, and then two modification methods are proposed to improve the hindcasted results. The first one is the superposition method, which superposes the wind field calculated from the parametric cyclone model on that obtained from the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) reanalysis data. The radius used for the superposition is based on an analysis of the minimum difference between the two wind fields. The other one is the direct modification method, which directly modifies the CCMP reanalysis data according to the ratio of the measured maximum wind speed to the reanalyzed value as well as the distance from the cyclone center. Using these two methods, the problem of underestimation of strong winds in reanalysis data can be overcome. Both methods show considerable improvements in the hindcasting of tropical cyclone wind fields, compared with the cyclone wind model and the reanalysis data.
This paper presents a study on the improvement of wind field hindcasts for two typical tropical cyclones, i.e., Fanapi and Meranti, which occurred in 2010. The performance of the three existing models for the hindcasting of cyclone wind fields is first examined, and then two modification methods are proposed to improve the hindcasted results. The first one is the superposition method, which superposes the wind field calculated from the parametric cyclone model on that obtained from the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) reanalysis data. The radius used for the superposition is based on an analysis of the minimum difference between the two wind fields. The other one is the direct modification method, which directly modifies the CCMP reanalysis data according to the ratio of the measured maximum wind speed to the reanalyzed value as well as the distance from the cyclone center. Using these two methods, the problem of underestimation of strong winds in reanalysis data can be overcome. Both methods show considerable improvements in the hindcasting of tropical cyclone wind fields, compared with the cyclone wind model and the reanalysis data.
2023, 16(1): 1-13.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.004
摘要：
Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood risk. It uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient designs for coastal flood protection. However, to use mangroves effectively as a nature-based measure for flood risk reduction, we must understand the biophysical processes that govern risk reduction capacity through mangrove ecosystem size and structure. In this perspective, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on local physical drivers and ecological processes that determine mangrove functioning as part of a nature-based flood defence. We show that the forest properties that comprise coastal flood protection are well-known, but models cannot yet pinpoint how spatial heterogeneity of the forest structure affects the capacity for wave or surge attenuation. Overall, there is relatively good understanding of the ecological processes that drive forest structure and size, but there is a lack of knowledge on how daily bed-level dynamics link to long-term biogeomorphic forest dynamics, and on the role of combined stressors influencing forest retreat. Integrating simulation models of forest structure under changing physical (e.g. due to sea-level change) and ecological drivers with hydrodynamic attenuation models will allow for better projections of long-term natural coastal protection.
Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood risk. It uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient designs for coastal flood protection. However, to use mangroves effectively as a nature-based measure for flood risk reduction, we must understand the biophysical processes that govern risk reduction capacity through mangrove ecosystem size and structure. In this perspective, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on local physical drivers and ecological processes that determine mangrove functioning as part of a nature-based flood defence. We show that the forest properties that comprise coastal flood protection are well-known, but models cannot yet pinpoint how spatial heterogeneity of the forest structure affects the capacity for wave or surge attenuation. Overall, there is relatively good understanding of the ecological processes that drive forest structure and size, but there is a lack of knowledge on how daily bed-level dynamics link to long-term biogeomorphic forest dynamics, and on the role of combined stressors influencing forest retreat. Integrating simulation models of forest structure under changing physical (e.g. due to sea-level change) and ecological drivers with hydrodynamic attenuation models will allow for better projections of long-term natural coastal protection.
2020, 13(3): 202-213.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2020.09.007
摘要：
In this experiment, cobalt ferrite-supported activated carbon (CF-AC) was developed and characterized via the wet impregnation method for the removal of Cr and Pb(II) ions from tannery wastewater. Batch adsorption was carried out to evaluate the effect of experimental operating conditions (pH of solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature), and the removal efficiencies of Cr and Pb(II) ions by the developed adsorbents were calculated and recorded for all experimental conditions. These variables were estimated and reported as removal efficiencies of 98.2% for Cr and 96.4% for Pb(II) ions at the optimal conditions of 5, 0.8 g, 80 min, and 333 K for pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature, respectively. The equilibrium for the sorption of Cr and Pb(II) ions was studied using four widely used isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models). It was found that the Freundlich isotherm model fit better with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.948 4 and a small sum of square error of 0.000 6. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) of Pb(II) and Cr adsorbed onto CF-AC were determined to be 6.27 and 23.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process conformed well to pseudo-second order kinetics as revealed by the high R2 values obtained for both metals. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of Cr and Pb(II) ions onto CF-AC was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic under the studied conditions. The mean adsorption energy (E) values revealed that the adsorption mechanism of Cr and Pb(II) by CF-AC is physical in nature. The results of the study showed that adsorbent developed from CF-AC can be efficiently used as an environmentally friendly alternative adsorbent, for removal of Cr and Pb(II) ions in tannery wastewater.
In this experiment, cobalt ferrite-supported activated carbon (CF-AC) was developed and characterized via the wet impregnation method for the removal of Cr and Pb(II) ions from tannery wastewater. Batch adsorption was carried out to evaluate the effect of experimental operating conditions (pH of solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature), and the removal efficiencies of Cr and Pb(II) ions by the developed adsorbents were calculated and recorded for all experimental conditions. These variables were estimated and reported as removal efficiencies of 98.2% for Cr and 96.4% for Pb(II) ions at the optimal conditions of 5, 0.8 g, 80 min, and 333 K for pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature, respectively. The equilibrium for the sorption of Cr and Pb(II) ions was studied using four widely used isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models). It was found that the Freundlich isotherm model fit better with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.948 4 and a small sum of square error of 0.000 6. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) of Pb(II) and Cr adsorbed onto CF-AC were determined to be 6.27 and 23.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process conformed well to pseudo-second order kinetics as revealed by the high R2 values obtained for both metals. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of Cr and Pb(II) ions onto CF-AC was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic under the studied conditions. The mean adsorption energy (E) values revealed that the adsorption mechanism of Cr and Pb(II) by CF-AC is physical in nature. The results of the study showed that adsorbent developed from CF-AC can be efficiently used as an environmentally friendly alternative adsorbent, for removal of Cr and Pb(II) ions in tannery wastewater.
2019, 12(1): 11-18.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2019.03.001
摘要：
Hydraulic models for the generation of ?ood inundation maps are not commonly applied in mountain river basins because of the dif?culty in modeling the hydraulic behavior and the complex topography. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of four twodimensional hydraulic models (HEC-RAS 2D, Iber 2D, Flood Modeller 2D, and PCSWMM 2D) with respect to the generation of ?ood inundation maps. The study area covers a 5-km reach of the Santa Barbara River located in the Ecuadorian Andes, at 2330 masl, in Gualaceo. The model's performance was evaluated based on the water surface elevation and ?ood extent, in terms of the mean absolute difference and measure of ?t. The analysis revealed that, for a given case, Iber 2D has the best performance in simulating the water level and inundation for ?ood events with 20- and 50-year return periods, respectively, followed by Flood Modeller 2D, HEC-RAS 2D, and PCSWMM 2D in terms of their performance. Grid resolution, the way in which hydraulic structures are mimicked, the model code, and the default value of the parameters are considered the main sources of prediction uncertainty.
Hydraulic models for the generation of ?ood inundation maps are not commonly applied in mountain river basins because of the dif?culty in modeling the hydraulic behavior and the complex topography. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of four twodimensional hydraulic models (HEC-RAS 2D, Iber 2D, Flood Modeller 2D, and PCSWMM 2D) with respect to the generation of ?ood inundation maps. The study area covers a 5-km reach of the Santa Barbara River located in the Ecuadorian Andes, at 2330 masl, in Gualaceo. The model's performance was evaluated based on the water surface elevation and ?ood extent, in terms of the mean absolute difference and measure of ?t. The analysis revealed that, for a given case, Iber 2D has the best performance in simulating the water level and inundation for ?ood events with 20- and 50-year return periods, respectively, followed by Flood Modeller 2D, HEC-RAS 2D, and PCSWMM 2D in terms of their performance. Grid resolution, the way in which hydraulic structures are mimicked, the model code, and the default value of the parameters are considered the main sources of prediction uncertainty.
2022, 15(1): 29-39.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2021.12.006
摘要：
In this article, current research findings of local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations are presented. The scour mechanisms and scour depth prediction formulas under different hydrodynamic conditions are summarized, including the current-only condition, wave-only condition, combined wave-current condition, and complex dynamic condition. Furthermore, this article analyzes the influencing factors on the basis of classical equations for predicting the equilibrium scour depth under specific conditions. The weakness of existing researches and future prospects are also discussed. It is suggested that future research shall focus on physical experiments under unsteady tidal currents or other complex loadings. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method and artificial intelligence technique are suggested being adopted to study the scour at offshore windfarm foundations.
In this article, current research findings of local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations are presented. The scour mechanisms and scour depth prediction formulas under different hydrodynamic conditions are summarized, including the current-only condition, wave-only condition, combined wave-current condition, and complex dynamic condition. Furthermore, this article analyzes the influencing factors on the basis of classical equations for predicting the equilibrium scour depth under specific conditions. The weakness of existing researches and future prospects are also discussed. It is suggested that future research shall focus on physical experiments under unsteady tidal currents or other complex loadings. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method and artificial intelligence technique are suggested being adopted to study the scour at offshore windfarm foundations.
2020, 13(2): 136-144.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2020.06.005
摘要：
Based on conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO), this paper presents an efficient and reliable heuristic approach using PSO with an adaptive random inertia weight (ARIW) strategy, referred to as the ARIW-PSO algorithm, to build a multi-objective optimization model for reservoir operation. Using the triangular probability density function, the inertia weight is randomly generated, and the probability density function is automatically adjusted to make the inertia weight generally greater in the initial stage of evolution, which is suitable for global searches. In the evolution process, the inertia weight gradually decreases, which is beneficial to local searches. The performance of the ARIW-PSO algorithm was investigated with some classical test functions, and the results were compared with those of the genetic algorithm (GA), the conventional PSO, and other improved PSO methods. Then, the ARIW-PSO algorithm was applied to multi-objective optimal dispatch of the Panjiakou Reservoir and multi-objective flood control operation of a reservoir group on the Luanhe River in China, including the Panjiakou Reservoir, Daheiting Reservoir, and Taolinkou Reservoir. The validity of the multi-objective optimization model for multi-reservoir systems based on the ARIW-PSO algorithm was verified.
Based on conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO), this paper presents an efficient and reliable heuristic approach using PSO with an adaptive random inertia weight (ARIW) strategy, referred to as the ARIW-PSO algorithm, to build a multi-objective optimization model for reservoir operation. Using the triangular probability density function, the inertia weight is randomly generated, and the probability density function is automatically adjusted to make the inertia weight generally greater in the initial stage of evolution, which is suitable for global searches. In the evolution process, the inertia weight gradually decreases, which is beneficial to local searches. The performance of the ARIW-PSO algorithm was investigated with some classical test functions, and the results were compared with those of the genetic algorithm (GA), the conventional PSO, and other improved PSO methods. Then, the ARIW-PSO algorithm was applied to multi-objective optimal dispatch of the Panjiakou Reservoir and multi-objective flood control operation of a reservoir group on the Luanhe River in China, including the Panjiakou Reservoir, Daheiting Reservoir, and Taolinkou Reservoir. The validity of the multi-objective optimization model for multi-reservoir systems based on the ARIW-PSO algorithm was verified.
2019, 12(1): 27-36.
doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2019.04.003
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the biosorption potential of Na2CO3-modified Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) leaf (MABL) powder for removal of Ni(II) ions from a synthetic aqueous solution. Effects of various process parameters (pH, equilibrium time, and temperature) were investigated in order to optimize the biosorptive removal. The maximum biosorption capacity of MABL was observed to be 28.986 mg/g at a temperature of 303 K, a biosorbent dose of 0.6 g, a contact time of 90 min, and a pH value of 7. Different kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models) were evaluated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best fitted model in this study, with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.974. Five different isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models) were investigated to identify the best-suited isotherm model for the present system. Based on the minimum chi-square value (χ2 = 0.027) and the maximum coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.996), the Langmuir isotherm model was found to represent the system well, indicating the possibility of monolayer biosorption. The sticking probability (S*) was found to be 0.41, suggesting a physisorption mechanism for biosorption of Ni(II) on MABL. The biosorbent was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and BET surface area, in order to understand its morphological and functional characteristics.
This study aimed to investigate the biosorption potential of Na2CO3-modified Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) leaf (MABL) powder for removal of Ni(II) ions from a synthetic aqueous solution. Effects of various process parameters (pH, equilibrium time, and temperature) were investigated in order to optimize the biosorptive removal. The maximum biosorption capacity of MABL was observed to be 28.986 mg/g at a temperature of 303 K, a biosorbent dose of 0.6 g, a contact time of 90 min, and a pH value of 7. Different kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models) were evaluated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best fitted model in this study, with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.974. Five different isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models) were investigated to identify the best-suited isotherm model for the present system. Based on the minimum chi-square value (χ2 = 0.027) and the maximum coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.996), the Langmuir isotherm model was found to represent the system well, indicating the possibility of monolayer biosorption. The sticking probability (S*) was found to be 0.41, suggesting a physisorption mechanism for biosorption of Ni(II) on MABL. The biosorbent was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and BET surface area, in order to understand its morphological and functional characteristics.
2008, 1(1): 37-43 .
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2008.01.005
Abstract:
2011, 4(1): 101-109.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.01.010
Abstract:
2011, 4(3): 258-269.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.03.003
Abstract:
2012, 5(3): 243-258.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2012.03.001
Abstract:
2010, 3(3): 321-330.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.03.008
Abstract:
2012, 5(1): 26-33.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2012.01.003
Abstract:
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1
2008, 1(1): 37-43 .
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2008.01.005
2
2011, 4(1): 101-109.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.01.010
3
2011, 4(3): 258-269.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.03.003
4
2012, 5(3): 243-258.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2012.03.001
5
2010, 3(3): 321-330.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.03.008
6
2012, 5(1): 26-33.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2012.01.003
1
2010, 3(2): 132-143.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.02.002
2
2011, 4(1): 101-109.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.01.010
3
2010, 3(3): 241-256.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.03.001
4
2012, 5(3): 243-258.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2012.03.001
5
2010, 3(3): 321-330.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.03.008
6
2011, 4(3): 258-269.
doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.03.003
Volume 19，Issue 3，
Sep. 2026
Editor-in-ChiefZhong-bo Yu
Edited byEditorial Board of Water Science and Engineering
Distributed byEditorial Office of Water Science and Engineering
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