Volume 19 Issue 2
May  2026
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Article Navigation >  Water Science and Engineering  > 2026  >  19(2): 211-222
Jun Cao, Hao Zhang, Ji-peng Sun, Xin Wang, Tao Liang, Yi-chao Wang, Hua-lun Zhu. 2026: Pyrolysis temperature-dependent variations in spectral and molecular characteristics of water- and alkali-extractable organic matter derived from biochar produced by municipal sludge. Water Science and Engineering, 19(2): 211-222. doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.02.004
Citation: Jun Cao, Hao Zhang, Ji-peng Sun, Xin Wang, Tao Liang, Yi-chao Wang, Hua-lun Zhu. 2026: Pyrolysis temperature-dependent variations in spectral and molecular characteristics of water- and alkali-extractable organic matter derived from biochar produced by municipal sludge. Water Science and Engineering, 19(2): 211-222. doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.02.004
shu

Pyrolysis temperature-dependent variations in spectral and molecular characteristics of water- and alkali-extractable organic matter derived from biochar produced by municipal sludge

doi: 10.1016/j.wse.2026.02.004

  • a. National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 211111, China;

  • b. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom;

  • c. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52076067).

  • Received Date: 2025-05-19
  • Accepted Date: 2026-01-11
    • Available Online: 2026-05-30
    Abstract
  • Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) plays a crucial role in environmental processes. This study investigated the characteristics of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) and alkali-extractable organic matter (AEOM) from sludge-derived biochar produced across different pyrolysis temperatures, combining spectroscopic analysis with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in WEOM and AEOM declined significantly (from 5.72 mg/g to 1.95 mg/g and from 5.93 mg/g to 2.36 mg/g, respectively) with increases in temperature from 400°C to 500°C before increasing again at 600°C. AEOM generally exhibited higher DOC concentrations than WEOM. Three fluorescent components were identified: a humic-like component C1 with two peaks (one at an excitation wavelength (λEx) of 230 nm and an emission wavelength (λEm) of 400 nm and the other at λEx = 310 nm and λEm = 400 nm), an ultraviolet C (UVC) humic-like component C2 with a single peak (λEx = 260 nm and λEm = 460 nm), and a protein-like component C3 with two peaks (one at λEx = 220 nm and λEm = 290 nm and the other at λEx = 285 nm and λEm = 290 nm). AEOM was predominantly composed of polycyclic aromatic compounds, aromatic formulas, lignin, and nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds, which altogether accounted for more than 75% of its composition. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, the relative abundance of most aromatic structures decreased, while N-aliphatic compounds became more prominent. The humification degree and molecular weight of BDOM increased with temperature rises to 500°C-550°C and then declined, with protein-like C3 peaking within this temperature range. FT-ICR MS revealed a significant reduction in lignin content at 550°C. These results indicate that 500°C-550°C represents a key inflection point in dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation and an optimal pyrolysis range for producing environmentally favorable biochar.

     

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